Harvesting wild mushrooms of non-timber forest products (NWFP) is not only a traditional activity of local residents, but also a recreational activity of urban residents. This study focuses on the latter, which is of growing international interest, and examines the potential of the recreational PES/forest service industry for wild mushroom picking based on local questionnaire surveys of Japan and Italian cases. This content was given an oral presentation using the attached slides at the Japan Forestry Society meeting held in March.